A simple organic alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) commonly found in unripe fruits. It is more gentle of an exfoliant when compared to the famous and potent glycolic and lactic acids.
Functions
Exfoliant,
Exfoliant
Exfoliants remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin via acid-based chemical reactions (e.g., AHA or BHA).
Exfoliant,
Exfoliant
Exfoliants remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin via acid-based chemical reactions (e.g., AHA or BHA).
Fragrance,
Fragrance
Fragrance ingredients add scent to a product or hide ('mask') the undesired aroma of other ingredients.
Fragrance,
Fragrance
Fragrance ingredients add scent to a product or hide ('mask') the undesired aroma of other ingredients.
pH Adjuster
pH Adjuster
pH adjuster – alters the pH level of a formula.
pH Adjuster
pH Adjuster
pH adjuster – alters the pH level of a formula.
Origin
Synthetic
Synthetic
All kinds of ingredients formulated or produced by a chemical process, or those that have a chemical modification in their structure.
Synthetic
Synthetic
All kinds of ingredients formulated or produced by a chemical process, or those that have a chemical modification in their structure.
Malic acid is a simple organic acid that is commonly found in unripe fruits.
It belongs to the group of alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), which are famous for their exfoliating, anti-aging, and anti-wrinkle effects. The most famous and potent AHAs are glycolic and lactic acid. Malic acid has very similar properties, although it is a lot more gentle (along with citric acid and hydroxybutyric acid).
AHAs promote hydration and the production of collagen, which in turn reduces the appearance of fine lines. The exfoliating effects are stronger in products with higher AHA concentrations and these can be utilized in chemical peelings.
In skincare formulations, malic acid can act as an exfoliator (gently removing the dead skin cells from the skin’s surface), make the pH of a product slightly more acidic (AHAs need to be in a slightly acidic carrier in order to work properly), and sometimes give the product a faint, caramel-like scent.
Science
1
Smith W. P. (1996). Comparative effectiveness of alpha-hydroxy acids on skin properties. International journal of cosmetic science, 18(2), 75–83.
2
Moghimipour E. Hydroxy Acids, the Most Widely Used Anti-aging Agents. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod.2012.7(1):9-10.
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